专业团队

　　［摘 要］建设工程的特殊性决定了工程造价不可能是固定不变的，为了建设工程合同价款的合理性、合法性，减少履行合同甲乙双方的纠纷，维护合同双方利益，有效控制工程造价，合同履行过程中必然会发生各种干扰事件，使招标、投标确定的合同价款不再合适，合同价款必须作出一定的调整，以适应不断变化的合同状态。

　　［关键词］建筑工程；合同价款；施工合同；合理调整

　　1 为使采用的合同价款形式，以便投标人考虑风险，合理报价

　　合同价款形式通常有以下三种：

　　（1）固定单价合同实行工程量清单招标的工程应当采用固定单价合同，以体现风险共担的原则。承、发包双方必须在合同专用条款中约定风险范围和风险费用的计算方法，并约定超出风险范围时的综合单价调整办法，具体调整办法可按下述原则执行：

　　主要材料价格涨跌超出有经验的承包商可预见的范围时，材料单价可以调整。调整方法为：在按合同约定支付工程款时，若工程所在地造价管理部门发布的材料指导价上涨超过开标时材料指导价的10%，10%以内部分由承包人承担，10%以外部分由发包人承担；若工程所在地造价管理部门发布的材料指导价下跌超过开标时材料指导价的5%，5%以内部分由承包人受益，5%以外部分由发包人受益。分部分项单项工程量变更超过15%，并且该项分部分项工程费超过分部分项工程量清单计价合计1%的，增加部分的工程量或减少后剩余部分的工程量的综合单价由承包人提出，经发包人确认后，作为结算的依据。当分部分项工程量清单项目发生工程量变更时，其措施项目费用中相应的模板、脚手架工程量应作适当调整。

　　（2）固定总价合同实行工程量清单招标的工程，一般不宜采用固定总价合同形式。但工期在一年以内，合同总价在500万元以内，并且施工图设计深度符合规定的工程，可采用固定总价合同。采用固定总价合同的工程，招标人应给投标人提供足够时间，在投标前复核确认清单工程量的准确性，修正招标文件中的缺陷或者错误，否则，不得采用固定总价合同形式。

　　（3）可调价格合同实行工程量清单招标的工程，一般不采用可调价格合同形式。确实需要采用的，发承包双方应在合同中约定综合单价和措施费的调整方法。

　　2 合同价款的调整范围及调整方式

　　（1）按综合单价的包干形式结算，在合同约定的承包范围内的承包项目的单价是按综合单价包死，不能调整，不论市场涨跌均不能调整，如合同约定钢筋制安费按5000元/吨，那么竣工时就只能按5000元/吨结算，不管你实际购买时的费用是4000元/吨还是6000元/吨，均只能按5000元/吨结算，这就是按综合单价包干。

　　（2）工程量按照竣工图调整是合同中约定的工程量是可以调整的，而且是按照实际竣工图所示的工程量给予调整。该条款表达的意思是原合同内约定的工程量只是概算，并非最后结算的依据。比如，原合同约定需完成100吨的钢筋制安工程量，但实际竣工时经计算发现实际完成了110吨的工程量，那么，结算时就可以按照110吨进行调整，而不是按照100吨结算；需要指出的是，工程量按竣工图调整，作为工程量调整依据的竣工图，必须是经过合同双方确认的，才能作为工程量调整的依据。

　　（3）属于措施项目费按照该部分合同包干形式结算，无论实际情况如何结算时均不能调整，该条款表达的意思是合同内约定的属于措施项目费的项目的费用是包死的，即价格与工程量均不能调整，不论你赚还是亏！那么，在合同签订前，你就要仔细看看合同内哪些是措施项目，它的费用是高是低，还有，工程量是真是假，有没有多算或少算，这些项目的费用在合同签订前就要好好算算，否则，合同签完之后就不能调整了，结算时就要按合同约定结算，哪怕是你被人多算，或漏算，都不能调整。

　　3 现场施工条件的变化下的合同价款调整

The particularity of construction projects determines that the construction cost cannot be fixed and unchanging. In order to ensure the rationality and legality of the construction contract price, reduce disputes between Party A and Party B in the performance of the contract, maintain the interests of both parties, and effectively control the construction cost, various interference events will inevitably occur during the contract performance process, making the contract price determined by bidding and tendering no longer suitable. The contract price must be adjusted to a certain extent, To adapt to the constantly changing contract status.

 [Keywords] Construction engineering; Contract price; Construction contract; reasonable readjustment

1. In order to adopt the form of contract price for bidders to consider risks and provide a reasonable quotation

There are usually three forms of contract price:

 (1) A fixed unit price contract shall be adopted for projects subject to a bill of quantities bidding, in order to reflect the principle of risk sharing. The contracting parties must agree on the scope of risk and the calculation method of risk costs in the special terms of the contract, and agree on the comprehensive unit price adjustment method when the risk scope is exceeded. The specific adjustment method can be implemented according to the following principles:

When the price of main materials fluctuates beyond the foreseeable range of experienced contractors, the unit price of materials can be adjusted. The adjustment method is as follows: when paying the project payment according to the contract, if the material guide price issued by the cost management department of the project location increases by more than 10% of the material guide price at the bid opening, the part within 10% shall be borne by the contractor, and the part outside 10% shall be borne by the employer; If the material guide price issued by the cost management department of the project location drops by more than 5% of the material guide price at the time of bid opening, the portion within 5% will benefit the contractor, and the portion outside 5% will benefit the employer. If the change in the quantity of sub items exceeds 15%, and the cost of sub items exceeds 1% of the total valuation in the sub item bill of quantities, the comprehensive unit price of the increased or reduced quantity shall be proposed by the contractor and confirmed by the employer as the basis for settlement. When there is a change in the quantity of sub items in the bill of quantities, the corresponding template and scaffold quantities in the cost of the measure items should be adjusted appropriately.

 (2) The fixed price contract is generally not suitable for projects that implement a bill of quantities bidding. However, if the construction period is within one year, the total contract price is within 5 million yuan, and the depth of the construction drawing design meets the regulations, a fixed total price contract can be adopted. For projects that adopt a fixed price contract, the tenderer shall provide sufficient time for the bidder to review and confirm the accuracy of the bill of quantities before bidding, and correct any defects or errors in the bidding documents. Otherwise, a fixed price contract shall not be adopted.

(3) The adjustable price contract is generally not adopted for projects that are tendered with a bill of quantities. It is indeed necessary to adopt a method for adjusting the comprehensive unit price and measure fees, which should be agreed upon by both parties in the contract.

2. Scope and Method of Adjustment of Contract Price

(1) Settlement shall be made in a lump sum manner based on the comprehensive unit price. The unit price of contracted projects within the scope of the contract shall be based on the comprehensive unit price and cannot be adjusted, regardless of market fluctuations. If the contract stipulates that the steel bar production and installation fee is 5000 yuan/ton, then the settlement can only be made at 5000 yuan/ton upon completion. Regardless of whether the actual purchase cost is 4000 yuan/ton or 6000 yuan/ton, the settlement can only be made at 5000 yuan/ton, This is a lump sum based on the comprehensive unit price.

(2) The adjustment of engineering quantity according to the completion drawing is adjustable according to the agreed engineering quantity in the contract, and it is based on the actual engineering quantity shown in the completion drawing. The meaning expressed in this clause is that the amount of work agreed upon in the original contract is only a rough estimate and not the basis for final settlement. For example, if the original contract stipulated the need to complete 100 tons of steel bar production and installation work, but upon actual completion, it was found through calculation that 110 tons of work were actually completed, then the settlement can be adjusted based on 110 tons instead of 100 tons; It should be pointed out that the engineering quantity is adjusted according to the completion drawing. The completion drawing, which serves as the basis for engineering quantity adjustment, must be confirmed by both parties to the contract before it can be used as the basis for engineering quantity adjustment.

(3) The cost of the measure project shall be settled in a lump sum manner according to this part of the contract, and cannot be adjusted no matter how the actual situation is settled. The meaning expressed in this clause is that the cost of the item that belongs to the measure project cost stipulated in the contract is included, that is, the price and quantity cannot be adjusted, regardless of whether you make a profit or loss! So, before signing the contract, you need to carefully examine which measures are included in the contract, whether their costs are high or low, and whether the quantity of work is true or false, and whether there is overcalculation or undercalculation. The costs of these projects should be carefully calculated before signing the contract. Otherwise, after the contract is signed, they cannot be adjusted. Settlement should be made according to the contract agreement, even if you are overcalculated or missed, they cannot be adjusted.

Contract price adjustment under changes in on-site construction conditions