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          【合同终止】劳动合同终止有哪些情形?

    《劳动合同法》第四十四条规定，有下列情形之一的，劳动合同终止：

    (一)劳动合同期满的;

    (二)劳动者开始依法享受基本养老保险待遇的;

    (三)劳动者死亡，或者被人民法院宣告死亡或者宣告失踪的;

    (四)用人单位被依法宣告破产的;

    (五)用人单位被吊销营业执照、责令关闭、撤销或者用人单位决定提前解散的;

    (六)法律、行政法规规定的其他情形。

    《劳动合同法实施条例》第二十一条规定，劳动者达到法定退休年龄的，劳动合同终止。

    《劳动法》第二十四条规定，当事人约定的劳动合同终止条件出现，劳动合同终止。

    劳动合同期满的具体时间，根据劳动部(劳办力字〔1992〕2号)《关于劳动合同期限问题给浙江省劳动厅的复函》对于劳动合同终止的截止日期的计算，应以劳动合同期限终止日期最后一天的24时为准。如果有工作任务超过最后一天24时的，应以完成工作任务的时间作为合同终止的时间。

    劳动者达到法定退休年龄是依法享受基本养老保险待遇的前提，但是由于退休情况比较复杂，包括正常退休、提前退休、内退等，所以劳动合同法没有将退休作为劳动合同终止的条件。但是由于享受基本养老保险待遇，需要劳动者申请，如果劳动者达到法定退休年龄不申请劳动合同关系处于不确定状态，劳动合同法实施条例对此予以修改，以是否达到法定退休年龄作为合同终止条件。

    “法定退休年龄”根据劳动和社会保障部办公厅(劳社厅函[2001]125号)《关于企业职工“法定退休年龄”涵义的复函》是指国家法律规定的正常退休年龄，即：“男年满60周岁，女工人年满50周岁，女干部年满55周岁”。 劳动和社会保障部(劳社部发〔1999〕8号)《关于制止和纠正违反国家规定办理企业职工提前退休有关问题的通知》对此有更细致的规定：从事井下、高空、高温、特别繁重体力劳动或其他有害身体健康工作(以下称特殊工种)的，退休年龄为男年满55周岁、女年满45周岁;因病或非因工致残，由医院证明并经劳动鉴定委员会确认完全丧失劳动能力的，退休年龄为男年满50周岁、女年满45周岁。

    虽然劳动合同法规定了约定终止的条件，但劳动合同法实际上排除了这一可能性。

    另外，通常认为的不可抗力也没有被劳动合同法认可或加以规定。

    特别提示：

    劳动合同期满，并不必然导致劳动关系终止，有以下情形的劳动合同应当续延：

    (一)从事接触职业病危害作业的劳动者未进行离岗前职业健康检查，或者疑似职业病病人在诊断或者医学观察期间的;

    (二)在本单位患职业病或者因工负伤并被确认丧失或者部分丧失劳动能力的;(注：适用本款规定，按照工伤保险的规定执行)

    (三)患病或者非因工负伤，在规定的医疗期内的;

    (四)女职工在孕期、产期、哺乳期的;

    (五)在本单位连续工作满十五年，且距法定退休年龄不足五年的;

    (六)法律、行政法规规定的其他情形。

What are the circumstances for termination of a labor contract?

Article 44 of the Labor Contract Law stipulates that in any of the following circumstances, the labor contract shall be terminated:

（1） If the labor contract expires;

（2） Workers begin to enjoy basic pension insurance benefits in accordance with the law;

（3） The worker dies, or is declared dead or missing by the people's court;

（4） Employers are declared bankrupt in accordance with the law;

（5） The employer's business license is revoked, ordered to close down, revoked, or the employer decides to dissolve in advance;

（6） Other circumstances stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.

Article 21 of the Implementation Regulations of the Labor Contract Law stipulates that if an employee reaches the statutory retirement age, the labor contract shall be terminated.

Article 24 of the Labor Law stipulates that if the termination conditions agreed upon by the parties occur, the labor contract shall be terminated.

The specific time for the expiration of the labor contract shall be calculated based on the "Reply to the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Labor on the Issue of Labor Contract Term" issued by the Ministry of Labor (Labor Office Letter [1992] No. 2). The deadline for the termination of the labor contract shall be calculated at 24:00 on the last day of the termination date. If there is a work task that exceeds 24:00 on the last day, the time of completing the work task shall be considered as the termination time of the contract.

The legal retirement age for workers is a prerequisite for enjoying basic pension insurance benefits in accordance with the law. However, due to the complex retirement situation, including normal retirement, early retirement, and early retirement, the Labor Contract Law does not consider retirement as a condition for terminating labor contracts. However, due to the enjoyment of basic pension insurance benefits, it is necessary for workers to apply. If a worker reaches the statutory retirement age and does not apply for a labor contract relationship, it is in an uncertain state. The implementation regulations of the Labor Contract Law will be modified to take whether they have reached the statutory retirement age as the termination condition of the contract.

According to the reply of the Office of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security (Labor and Social Security Department Letter [2001] No. 125) on the meaning of "statutory retirement age" for enterprise employees, "statutory retirement age" refers to the normal retirement age stipulated by national laws, which is: "male over 60 years old, female worker over 50 years old, and female cadre over 55 years old.". The Ministry of Labor and Social Security (Ministry of Labor and Social Security [1999] No. 8) issued a notice on stopping and correcting issues related to early retirement of enterprise employees in violation of national regulations, which has more detailed provisions: those engaged in underground, high-altitude, high-temperature, particularly heavy physical labor or other harmful physical health work (hereinafter referred to as special occupations) shall retire at the age of 55 for males and 45 for females; For those who are disabled due to illness or non work related reasons and have been certified by the hospital and confirmed by the labor appraisal committee to have completely lost their ability to work, the retirement age is 50 years for males and 45 years for females.

Although the Labor Contract Law stipulates the conditions for termination, it actually excludes this possibility.

In addition, the commonly recognized force majeure has not been recognized or regulated by the Labor Contract Law.

Special reminder:

The expiration of the labor contract does not necessarily lead to the termination of the labor relationship. The labor contract should be extended if:

（1） Workers engaged in occupational hazard exposure work who have not undergone pre employment occupational health examinations, or suspected occupational disease patients during diagnosis or medical observation;

（2） Those who suffer from occupational diseases or work-related injuries in their unit and are confirmed to have lost or partially lost their ability to work; (Note: This clause applies and shall be executed in accordance with the provisions of work injury insurance)

（3） Illness or non work-related injury within the prescribed medical period;

（4） Female employees during pregnancy, childbirth, and lactation;

（5） Those who have worked continuously in this unit for at least fifteen years and are less than five years away from the statutory retirement age;

（6） Other circumstances stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.