专业团队

一、重大误解是否可以追究缔约过失责任

合同是因重大误解签订的，不属于缔约过失的情形，所以不能追究缔约过失的责任。

《中华人民共和国民法典》

第一百四十七条 【基于重大误解实施的民事法律行为的效力】基于重大误解实施的民事法律行为，行为人有权请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以撤销。

第五百条 【缔约过失责任】当事人在订立合同过程中有下列情形之一，造成对方损失的，应当承担赔偿责任：

(一)假借订立合同，恶意进行磋商;

(二)故意隐瞒与订立合同有关的重要事实或者提供虚假情况;

(三)有其他违背诚信原则的行为。

二、合同重大误解的认定

在司法实践中，当事人主张双方存在重大误解的情形较为普遍，尤其是在签订买卖合同等交易行为中。对合同内容重大误解的认定可以参考如下方面：

1、重大误解应当是由于误解人自己的大意、缺乏经验或者信息不通而造成的，是受害方当事人自己的过失，而非合同相对方的欺诈、胁迫或乘人之危。

2、重大误解中的误解应是对合同内容构成重大误解。也就是合同双方的意思表示不一致。

3、产生重大误解的合同能直接影响到当事人所应享有的权利和义务，合同的履行会使得误解者的利益受到较大的损失或者达不到误解者订立合同的目的。

4、重大误解导致合同撤销，应当是由于误解才导致签订合同。若没有误解则当事人将不订立合同或者虽然订立合同但合同条件将发生重大改变。

因重大误解订立的合同当事人有权自知道或者应当知道撤销事由之日起三个月内请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以撤销。

1、 Can major misunderstandings be held accountable for contractual negligence

The contract was signed due to a major misunderstanding and does not fall under the category of contractual negligence, so the responsibility for contractual negligence cannot be pursued.

The Civil Code of the People's Republic of China

Article 147 [Effectiveness of Civil Legal Acts Implemented Based on Significant Misunderstanding] The actor has the right to request the people's court or arbitration institution to revoke a civil legal act implemented based on significant misunderstanding.

Article 500 [Liability for Contractual Negligence] If any of the following circumstances occur during the process of entering into a contract, causing losses to the other party, the parties shall be liable for compensation:

（1） Fraudulent contract signing and malicious negotiation;

（2） Intentionally concealing important facts related to the conclusion of the contract or providing false information;

（3） There are other behaviors that violate the principle of good faith.

2、 Determination of Major Misunderstandings in Contracts

In judicial practice, it is common for parties to claim significant misunderstandings between both parties, especially in transactions such as signing sales contracts. The determination of significant misunderstandings about the content of the contract can refer to the following aspects:

1. A major misunderstanding should be caused by the misunderstanding of the person's own carelessness, lack of experience, or lack of information, and it is the fault of the injured party, rather than the fraud, coercion, or taking advantage of the other party's situation in the contract.

2. Misunderstandings in major misunderstandings should constitute significant misunderstandings of the contract content. That is to say, the expressions of intention between the two parties in the contract are inconsistent.

3. A contract that causes significant misunderstandings can directly affect the rights and obligations that the parties should enjoy, and the performance of the contract will cause significant losses to the interests of the misunderstander or fail to achieve the purpose of the misunderstander's contract.

4. A major misunderstanding leading to contract revocation should be the reason for the signing of the contract. If there is no misunderstanding, the parties will not enter into the contract or although the contract is entered into, the contract terms will undergo significant changes.

The parties to a contract concluded due to significant misunderstanding have the right to request the people's court or arbitration institution to revoke it within three months from the date of knowing or should have known the reason for revocation.