专业团队

　　核心内容：当事人在合同诉讼程序方面注意事项有诉讼的管辖中地域管辖和级别管辖方面的细节问题。

　　通过诉讼解决合同纠纷，当事人在程序方面应当注意以下几个问题;

1、诉讼的管辖

　　诉讼管辖有以下几个方面的内容：

(1)级别管辖

　　根据我国民事诉讼法的规定，合同纠纷案件一般是基层人民法院作第一审法院，重大的涉外合同纠纷案件可以由中级人民法院作第一审法院。另外，在审判实践中。经济合同纠纷案件的诉讼单位属省、自治区、直辖市以上的，一般由中级人民法院作第一审法院;经济纠纷的诉讼单位虽属地区、省辖市以下，但诉讼标的金额较大。案情比较复杂，中级人民法院也可以作第一审法院。

(2)地域管辖

　　①一般地域管辖一般地域管辖的原则是“原告就被告”原则，即诉讼一般由被告所在地的法院管辖。

　　如果被告是公民的，由被告住所地人民法院管辖;被告住所地与经常居住地不一致的，由经常居住地人民法院管辖。这里“公民的住所地”是指公民户籍所在地。“经常居住地”是指公民离开住所地至起诉时己连续居住一年以上的地方，但公民住院就医的地方除外。如果被告是法人或其他组织的，由被告住所地人民法院管辖。这里的“住所地”是指法人或其他组织的主要办事机构所在地，对于没有办事机构的公民合伙，合伙型联营体等提起的诉讼，可由被告注册登记地法院管辖。

　　②特殊地域管辖根据民事诉讼法的规定，特殊地域管辖有以下八方面的内容：

　　因合同纠纷提起的诉讼，由被告住所地或者合同履行地法院管理。

　　因保险合同纠纷提起的诉讼，由被告住所地或者保险标的物所在地人民法院管辖。如果保险标的物是运输工具或者运输中的货物，由被告住所地或者运输工具登记、注册地、运输目的地，保险事故发生地等的法院管辖。

　　因票据纠纷提起的诉讼、由票据支付地或者住所地人民法院管辖。

　　因铁路、公路、水上、航空等运输和联合运输合同纠纷提起的诉讼，由运输始发地、目的地、或者被告住所地人民法院管辖。

　　③专属管辖专属管辖是指法律规定某些案件必须由持定的人民法院管辖，其他人民法院无权管辖。

　　专属管辖有以下两种情况：因不动产纠纷提起的诉讼，不动产所在地人民法院管辖;因港口作业中发生纠纷提起的诉讼，由港口所在地人民法院管辖。规定这两方面的专属管辖，排除了其他法院对这两类案件的管辖权。

　　④协议管辖协议管辖是指合同纠纷的双方当事人在合同纠纷发生之前或发生之后，用协议的方式来选择解决他们之间争议的管辖法院，又称为约定管辖或合意管辖。

　　第25条规定：“合同的双方当事人可以在书面合同中协议选择被告住所地、合同履行地、合同签订地、原告住所地、标的物所在地人民法院，但不得违反本法对级别管辖和专属管辖的规定。”从这一规定可以看出，我国民事诉讼法对国内民事案件的协议管辖有以下要求：当事人只能就合同案件协议管辖，其他案件不适用协议管辖。协议选择管辖法院的范围仅限于五个，即被告住所地，合同履行地、合同签订地、原告住所地、标的物所在地的人民法院;协议管辖不仅要当事人协商一致，而且要用书面的形式约定，用口头形式约定的，其约定无效;当事人只能协议变更第一审的地域管辖，而不能协议变更级别管辖;协议管辖只限于非专属管辖的诉讼，凡属于专属管辖的诉讼，不能由双方当事人协议加以变更。

Core content: The parties should pay attention to the details of territorial jurisdiction and hierarchical jurisdiction in contract litigation procedures.

To resolve contract disputes through litigation, the parties should pay attention to the following issues in terms of procedure:;

1. Jurisdiction of Litigation

The jurisdiction of litigation includes the following aspects:

(1) Level jurisdiction

According to the provisions of China's Civil Procedure Law, contract dispute cases are generally handled by grassroots people's courts as the first instance court, while major foreign-related contract dispute cases can be handled by intermediate people's courts as the first instance court. In addition, in judicial practice. If the litigation unit in an economic contract dispute case belongs to a province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government or above, the intermediate people's court shall generally serve as the first instance court; Although the litigation unit for economic disputes belongs to a region or a city under the jurisdiction of a province, the amount of the litigation subject matter is relatively large. The case is relatively complex, and the intermediate people's court can also serve as the first instance court.

(2) Regional jurisdiction

① The principle of general territorial jurisdiction is the "plaintiff defendant" principle, which means that litigation is generally under the jurisdiction of the court where the defendant is located.

If the defendant is a citizen, it shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the defendant's domicile; If the defendant's place of residence is inconsistent with their habitual residence, it shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of their habitual residence. Here, "citizen's residence" refers to the place where the citizen's registered residence is located. "Frequent residence" refers to the place where a citizen has resided continuously for more than one year from their place of residence until the time of filing a lawsuit, except for places where the citizen is hospitalized for medical treatment. If the defendant is a legal person or other organization, it shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the defendant's domicile. The "place of residence" here refers to the location of the main office of the legal person or other organization. For civil partnerships, partnership type joint ventures, etc. without office, the court where the defendant is registered can have jurisdiction.

② According to the provisions of the Civil Procedure Law, special territorial jurisdiction includes the following eight aspects:

Litigation arising from contract disputes shall be managed by the court of the defendant's domicile or the place of contract performance.

Litigation arising from insurance contract disputes shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court located in the defendant's domicile or the location of the insurance subject matter. If the insured subject matter is a transportation vehicle or goods in transit, it shall be under the jurisdiction of the court of the defendant's domicile or the place where the transportation vehicle is registered, registered, or the destination of transportation, or the place where the insurance accident occurs.

Litigation arising from bill disputes shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court at the place of bill payment or the place of domicile.

Litigation arising from disputes over transportation and intermodal transportation contracts involving railways, highways, waterways, aviation, etc. shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court at the place of origin, destination, or defendant's domicile of the transportation.

③ Exclusive jurisdiction refers to the legal requirement that certain cases must be under the jurisdiction of a designated people's court, while other people's courts have no jurisdiction.

There are two types of exclusive jurisdiction: in cases of litigation arising from real estate disputes, the people's court of the place where the real estate is located shall have jurisdiction; Litigation arising from disputes during port operations shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court in the place where the port is located. The provision of exclusive jurisdiction over these two aspects excludes the jurisdiction of other courts over these two types of cases.

④ Agreement jurisdiction refers to the agreement between the parties to a contract dispute, before or after the occurrence of the dispute, to choose the jurisdiction court to resolve their dispute through agreement, also known as agreed jurisdiction or consensual jurisdiction.

Article 25 stipulates: "The parties to a contract may agree in a written contract to choose the defendant's domicile, the place of contract performance, the place of contract signing, the plaintiff's domicile, or the place where the subject matter is located, but shall not violate the provisions of this Law on hierarchical jurisdiction and exclusive jurisdiction." From this provision, it can be seen that the Civil Procedure Law of China has the following requirements for the jurisdiction of domestic civil cases by agreement: the parties can only agree on jurisdiction over contract cases, Other cases are not subject to the jurisdiction of the agreement. The scope of selecting the jurisdiction court for the agreement is limited to five, namely the people's court of the defendant's domicile, the place of contract performance, the place of contract signing, the plaintiff's domicile, and the location of the subject matter; The jurisdiction of the agreement not only requires the parties to reach a consensus through consultation, but also needs to be agreed upon in written form. If it is agreed upon orally, the agreement is invalid; The parties can only agree to change the territorial jurisdiction of the first instance, and cannot agree to change the level of jurisdiction; The jurisdiction of the agreement is limited to non exclusive jurisdiction litigation, and any litigation that belongs to exclusive jurisdiction cannot be changed by agreement between the two parties.