债权人免除债务的特征有哪些What are the characteristics of debt relief for creditors
核心内容：债权人免除债务的特征有哪些？债权人免除债务是无因行为，是无偿行为，是处分债权的行为，免除可以附条件或者附期限，债权人可以免除债务的部分或者全部等等。
债权人免除债务的特征是哪些呢？
债权人免除债务具有以下特征：
免除是无因行为。债权人免除债务不论是为了赠与、和解，还是别的什么原因，这些原因是否成立，都不影响免除的效力。
2、免除为无偿行为。免除债务表明债权人放弃债权，不再要求债务人履行义务，因此，债务人不必对免除为相应的对价。
3、免除不需要特定的形式。免除债务不必有特定形式，口头、书面，明示、默示都无不可。比如，债权人以口头或者书面形式通知债务人不必再履行债务，是以明示方式免除债务。而债权人不对债务人主张债权，超过诉讼时效期间，也产生债务免除的效果。
免除是处分债权的行为，作为免除意思表示的债权人必须具有完全民事行为能力，无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力人的免除行为除非由法定代理人代理或经法定代理人同意，否则不发生法律效力。
免除可以附条件或者附期限。附生效条件的免除比如，债权人表示只要债务人在合同履行期归还本金，可以免除利息。附解除条件的免除比如，赠与人表示赠与合同成立后，如果经济状况恶化，赠与合同不再履行。附生效期限的免除比如，出租人通知承租人下个月1号开始不必再支付房租。附终止期限的合同比如，出卖人通知买受人，其售予买受人商品的八折优惠月底终止。
债权人可以免除债务的部分，也可以铭除债务的全部。比如，债务人乙应当偿还债权人甲二万元人民币，甲表示乙可以少还或者不还，就是债权人免除债务。甲表示只需要偿还一万元，是债务的部分免除；表示二万元都不必偿还，是债务的全部免除。
Core content: What are the characteristics of debt relief for creditors? The creditor's exemption from debt is an act of no cause, a gratuitous act, and a disposition of the creditor's rights. The exemption can be conditional or subject to a deadline, and the creditor can exempt part or all of the debt, etc.
What are the characteristics of debt relief for creditors?
The creditor's exemption from debt has the following characteristics:
1. Exemption is an act without cause. The creditor's exemption from debt, whether for gift, settlement, or any other reason, whether these reasons are valid or not, does not affect the effectiveness of the exemption.
2. Exemption is a gratuitous act. Exemption from debt indicates that the creditor has waived their claim and no longer requires the debtor to fulfill their obligations. Therefore, the debtor does not need to consider the exemption as a corresponding consideration.
3. Exemption does not require a specific form. There is no need for a specific form of debt relief, either verbally or in writing, express or implied. For example, if a creditor notifies the debtor verbally or in writing that it is no longer necessary to fulfill the debt, it is an express way of exempting the debt. And if the creditor does not claim the creditor's rights against the debtor, exceeding the statute of limitations, it also has the effect of debt relief.
Exemption is the act of disposing of a creditor's right, and the creditor who expresses the intention of exemption must have full civil capacity. The exemption of a person without civil capacity or with limited civil capacity shall not have legal effect unless represented by the legal representative or with the consent of the legal representative.
Exemption can be conditional or subject to a deadline. Exemption with effective conditions, for example, if the creditor states that as long as the debtor repays the principal during the contract performance period, interest can be exempted. Exemption with termination conditions, for example, if the donor expresses that after the establishment of the gift contract, if the economic situation deteriorates, the gift contract will no longer be fulfilled. For example, if the lessor notifies the lessee that there is no need to pay rent starting from the 1st of the next month, the exemption with an effective period can be attached. A contract with a termination period, for example, if the seller notifies the buyer that the 20% discount on the goods sold to the buyer will terminate at the end of the month.
Creditors can waive a portion of the debt or write off the entire debt. For example, debtor B should repay creditor A 20000 RMB, and A indicates that B can repay less or not, which means the creditor is relieved of the debt. A only needs to repay 10000 yuan, which is a partial waiver of the debt; It means that there is no need to repay 20000 yuan, which is a complete waiver of the debt.