专业团队

一、民法典不能明确侵权责任的怎样赔偿

不能明确侵权责任的，首先就要明确侵权责任，再由责任人承担赔偿赔偿责任，不能明确侵权责任就无法赔偿。

《中华人民共和国民法典》

第一千一百六十五条 【过错责任原则】行为人因过错侵害他人民事权益造成损害的，应当承担侵权责任。

依照法律规定推定行为人有过错，其不能证明自己没有过错的，应当承担侵权责任。

第一千一百六十六条 【无过错责任原则】行为人造成他人民事权益损害，不论行为人有无过错，法律规定应当承担侵权责任的，依照其规定。

二、侵权责任承担的主要方式

(1)停止侵害

停止侵害是指被侵权人对于侵害其合法权益的正在进行的或继续之中的侵权行为有权请求法院予以终止，它可以适用于各种侵权行为，只要这种违法行为正在进行之中或在延续的情形下;

(2)排除妨碍

排除妨碍是由侵权人解除因其行为引起的妨碍他人正常行使权利和实现利益的客观事实状态，这种方式主要适用于物权，特别是相邻权受到侵害的场合;

(3)消除危险

危险是对将来的、有造成侵权损害后果可能的事实和状态而言的，处在此种状态中的被侵权人有权请求法院要求侵权人予以消除。

(4)返还财产

返还财产是侵权人将其非法占有的或管理的财产转移给被侵权人。一般而言，有权请求返还财产的是财产的所有人;同时该财产必须还存在，如果不复存在，只得赔偿损失或承担其他责任;如果侵权人将该财产转让给第三人的，还要看第三人在受让财产时是否符合善意取得的条件，如果符合，为第三人利益及整个交易安全考虑，也不得请求返还财产;

(5)恢复原状

恢复原状主要适用于财产损害的场合，它是请求侵权人恢复到物原来的状态。请求恢复原状需具有两个条件：一是可能性，即被损害的物有恢复到原状的可能;二是必要性，即该物有恢复到原状的必要。

(6)赔偿损失

赔偿损失是最常见的侵权责任承担方式，它不仅可能适用于侵害财产权益的场合，也可以适用于侵害人身权益的情形，损失的范围不仅包括积极损失还包括消极损失，赔偿损失一般以实际损害为限。

(7)赔礼道歉

赔礼道歉是侵权人以口头或书面的形式向被侵权人承认错误、表示歉意，它主要适用于侵害人身权益的情形;

(8)消除影响、恢复名誉

消除影响是指侵权人在不良影响所及的范围内消除对被侵权人的不利后果;恢复名誉是指侵权人在其造成损害所及的范围内恢复被侵权人的名誉于其未曾受损的状态。它们通常只适用于侵害人身权益的情况。

通过上述分析可以知道，依据《民法典》规定，侵权行为要有明确的侵权人和受害人，才会构成侵权行为，不能明确侵权责任的，无法确定侵权人，所以无法进行赔偿。所以只有明确侵权责任人时，才能进行赔偿。

1、 How to compensate for infringement liability that cannot be clearly defined in the Civil Code

If the liability for infringement cannot be clearly defined, the first step is to clarify the liability for infringement, and then the responsible person should bear the responsibility for compensation. Without clear liability for infringement, compensation cannot be made.

The Civil Code of the People's Republic of China

Article 1165 [Principle of Fault Liability] If the actor causes damage to the civil rights and interests of others due to fault, he shall bear the liability for infringement.

According to legal provisions, if the actor is presumed to be at fault and cannot prove that they are not at fault, they shall bear tort liability.

Article 1166 [Principle of No Fault Liability] If the actor causes damage to the civil rights and interests of others, regardless of whether the actor is at fault or not, if the law stipulates that the actor should bear tort liability, the provisions shall be followed.

2、 The main ways of assuming tort liability

(1) Stop infringement

Stopping infringement refers to the right of the infringed party to request the court to terminate the ongoing or continuing infringement of their legitimate rights and interests. It can be applied to various types of infringement, as long as such illegal acts are ongoing or continuing;

(2) Remove obstacles

Exclusion of obstacles is the objective factual state in which the infringer removes obstacles caused by their actions that hinder others from exercising their rights and realizing their interests. This method is mainly applicable to situations where property rights, especially adjacent rights, are infringed upon;

(3) Eliminate danger

Danger refers to the fact and state that may cause infringement damage in the future, and the victim in such a state has the right to request the court to demand that the infringer eliminate it.

(4) Return of property

Returning property refers to the transfer of illegally occupied or managed property by the infringer to the victim. Generally speaking, the person who has the right to request the return of property is the owner of the property; At the same time, the property must still exist. If it no longer exists, the only option is to compensate for the loss or assume other responsibilities; If the infringer transfers the property to a third party, it also depends on whether the third party meets the conditions for obtaining it in good faith when acquiring the property. If it does, for the benefit of the third party and the safety of the entire transaction, the infringer may not request the return of the property;

(5) Restore to its original state

Restoring the original state is mainly applicable to situations where property damage occurs, and it is a request for the infringer to restore the property to its original state. There are two conditions for requesting restoration to its original state: first, the possibility that the damaged object may be restored to its original state; The second is necessity, which means that it is necessary for the object to be restored to its original state.

(6) Compensation for losses

Compensation for losses is the most common way of assuming tort liability, which may not only be applicable to situations where property rights are infringed, but also to situations where personal rights are infringed. The scope of losses includes not only positive losses but also negative losses, and compensation for losses is generally limited to actual damages.

(7) Apologize as a gesture of apology

Apology is a form of verbal or written confession and apology by the infringer to the victim, mainly applicable to situations where personal rights and interests are infringed upon;

(8) Eliminating impact and restoring reputation

Eliminating the impact refers to the infringer eliminating the adverse consequences on the victim within the scope of adverse effects; Restoration of reputation refers to the restoration of the victim's reputation to a state where it has not been damaged within the scope of the damage caused by the infringer. They are usually only applicable in situations where personal rights are infringed upon.

From the above analysis, it can be concluded that according to the provisions of the Civil Code, an infringement must have a clear infringer and victim in order to constitute an infringement. If the liability for infringement cannot be determined, the infringer cannot be determined, and therefore compensation cannot be made. So compensation can only be made when the person responsible for the infringement is clearly identified.