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工伤认定举证责任倒置Inverted burden of proof for work-related injury determination

  一般来说,劳动事故造成的人身伤害需要先认定后才能获得赔偿,但如果用人单位认为不是工伤怎么办?因此,以下是对工伤认定中举证责任倒置相关知识的介绍。

  一、工伤认定举证责任倒置

  第十九条 劳动保障行政部门受理工伤认定申请后,根据审核需要可以对事故伤害进行调查核实,用人单位、职工、工会组织、医疗机构以及有关部门应当予以协助。职业病诊断和诊断争议的鉴定,依照职业病防治法的有关规定执行。对依法取得职业病诊断证明书或者职业病诊断鉴定书的,劳动保障行政部门不再进行调查核实。职工或者其直系亲属认为是工伤,用人单位不认为是工伤的,由用人单位承担举证责任。

  二、工伤认定需要的材料

  单位和个人申请工伤鉴定须提供:

  1、伤认定申请表;

  2、受伤害职工的身份证复印件;

  3、劳动合同文本复印件或其他建立劳动关系的有效证明;

  4、医疗机构出具的受伤后诊断证明书或者职业病诊断证明书(或职业病诊断鉴定书)及初次治疗病历复印件。

  工伤认定申请表应当包括事故发生的时间、地点、原因以及职工伤害程度等基本情况。

  工伤认定申请人提供材料不完整的,劳动保障行政部门应当一次性书面告知工伤认定申请人需要补齐的全部材料。申请人按照书面告知要求补齐材料后,劳动保障行政部门应当受理。

      

  三、工伤认定的技巧

  1、迅速确定工伤发生单位名称

  单位没有为员工购买工伤保险,用人单位承担全部工伤赔偿责任,基本上不可能主动为员工申请工伤认定,甚至百般逃避工伤赔偿责任。即使购买了工伤保险,用人单位仍然需要承担部分赔偿责任,也存在不会积极主动的去申请工伤认定的可能性。

  作为工伤员工,如果不知道用人单位的准确名称,就无法确定追索的对象。因为实践中不乏存在不知道自己单位名称的职工,尤其是工程层层分包的情况。像包工头自己招用的农民工,很难知道自己的用人单位是谁。因此确定用人单位、确定工伤赔偿责任主体是工伤认定最基本的条件。

  2、收集、提供证明劳动关系、工伤发生事实的证据材料

  工伤认定最基本、也是最核心的两个条件是证明劳动关系和证明工伤发生事实。那么是否有单位签订的劳动合同或工作证、上岗证等劳动关系证明?是否有现场目击工伤发生的工友愿意作证?

  这些证明材料,是申请工伤认定必备材料。没有这些材料,劳动保障行政部门甚至不会受理工伤认定申请。虽然工伤职工可能能够收集到部分证明材料,但是更多情况下,工伤职工无力自己收集提供相关证明材料,如有必要,可以由专业工伤律师调查收集证明劳动关系和证明工伤发生事实,并通过律师寻求媒体和相关部门的帮助。

  3、用人单位不申请工伤认定,自己必须申请

  不管是否参加工伤保险,工伤认定都是处理工伤非常重要的一个环节。工伤认定首先是用人单位的义务,在用人单位不在规定期限内申请工伤认定的,工伤职工、近亲属等可以在一年内申请。

  由于申请工伤认定有确定的期限,超过期限劳动保障行政部门将不予受理,追索工伤保险待遇也将得不到仲裁、法院的支持。

  所以,不要轻信用人单位没有虚假的或没有诚意的承诺,以免错过申请工伤认定的期限。

  4、调解需了解伤残级别和计算标准

  协商解决多发生在单位没有参加工伤保险的情形下。由于申报工伤有可能影响单位将来的工伤保险缴费比例或受到相关部门的处罚,用人单位往往不申请工伤认定和劳动能力鉴定,就直接要求协商赔偿数额,工伤职工或其亲属为了使工伤赔偿早日处理完毕,也多采取迎合的态度。

  但此时没有劳动能力鉴定的结论,伤残级别及后期治疗费用无法确定,甚至不清楚工伤赔偿的计算标准,所以,应多咨询医疗专家、律师等,条件允许的,最好由律师出面谈判工伤赔偿事宜、签订赔偿协议。

  根据法律规定,发生工伤事故,职工或者其直系亲属认为是工伤,但用人单位不认为是工伤的,由用人单位承担举证责任。以上整理为您带来工伤认定举证责任倒置的相关知识。


Generally speaking, personal injury caused by a labor accident needs to be identified first before compensation can be obtained. However, what if the employer believes that it is not a work-related injury? Therefore, the following is an introduction to the knowledge related to the inversion of the burden of proof in the determination of work-related injuries.


1、 Inverted burden of proof for work-related injury determination


Article 19 After accepting the application for work-related injury recognition, the labor security administrative department may investigate and verify the accident injury according to the needs of the review. Employers, employees, trade union organizations, medical institutions, and relevant departments shall provide assistance. The diagnosis of occupational diseases and the identification of diagnostic disputes shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law. For those who have obtained occupational disease diagnosis certificates or occupational disease diagnosis appraisal certificates in accordance with the law, the labor security administrative department will no longer investigate and verify. If an employee or their immediate family member believes that it is a work-related injury, but the employer does not believe it is, the employer shall bear the burden of proof.


2、 Materials required for work-related injury identification


Units and individuals applying for work-related injury appraisal must provide:


1. Application form for injury identification;


2. A copy of the ID card of the injured employee;


3. A copy of the labor contract text or other valid proof of establishing a labor relationship;


4. A diagnosis certificate or occupational disease diagnosis certificate (or occupational disease diagnosis appraisal certificate) issued by a medical institution after injury, as well as a copy of the initial treatment medical record.


The application form for work-related injury recognition should include basic information such as the time, location, cause of the accident, and the degree of employee injury.


If the applicant for work-related injury recognition provides incomplete materials, the labor security administrative department shall notify the applicant in writing at once of all the materials that need to be supplemented. After the applicant completes the required materials in accordance with the written notice, the labor security administrative department shall accept it.