劳动工伤法律知识有哪些内容 劳动工伤法律知识有哪些内容 What are the contents of labor injury legal knowledge
劳动工伤法律知识有哪些内容
1.什么是工伤
工伤即“工作伤害”的简称，又称为职业伤害、工作事故伤害，是指职工在“工作时间”和“工作场所”，因“工作原因”受到事故伤害或者患职业病。
(1)工伤事故是发生在各类企业、个体工商户等用人单位中的事故。个人雇佣关系和承揽关系发生的事故不属于工伤事故。
(2)工伤事故是用人单位雇用的职工遭受的人身伤亡(致伤、致残和死亡)事故，财产损害和精神损害不属于工伤事故。职工是指与用人单位存在劳动关系(包括事实劳动关系)的各种用工形式、各种用工期限的劳动者。
(3)工伤事故是职工在执行工作职责中(因工作原因)发生的事故。因个人原因发生的伤害不属于工伤事故。
(4)工伤事故必须与职工受到的损害之间存在因果关系。
(5)工伤事故在用人单位与受害职工之间产生权利义务关系法律事实。
【提示】
①我国工伤事故既包括突发性伤害事故，又包括患职业病。
②工伤认定前提条件必须存在劳动关系，包括事实劳动关系。
③工伤事故排除职工自身故意行为、犯罪行为、违反治安管理行为、醉酒行为引起的事故。
2.企业职工是否享受工伤保险待遇
《工伤保险条例》第2条规定，我国境内的各类企业应当参加工伤保险，为本单位全部职工缴纳工伤保险费。同时规定，我国境内的各类企业的职工均有享受工伤保险待遇的权利。
【提示】
①企业职工一律享受工伤保险待遇。
②企业单位没有参加工伤保险，职工发生工伤事故的，对工伤认定没有任何影响；只是工伤认定后，工伤待遇由用人单位支付。
3.个体工商户的雇工是否享受工伤保险待遇
《工伤保险条例》第2条规定，我国境内的有雇工的个体工商户应当参加工伤保险，为本单位雇工缴纳工伤保险费。我国境内的个体工商户的雇工，均有享受工伤保险待遇的权利。有雇工的个体工商户参加工伤保险的具体步骤和实施办法，由省级政府规定。
【提示】
不论各省、自治区、直辖市规定个体工商户何时参加工伤保险，个体工商户的雇工都有依照《工伤保险条例》的规定享受工伤保险待遇的权利。
4.国家机关工作人员是否享受工伤保险待遇
《工伤保险条例》第62条第一款规定，国家机关的工作人员因工作遭受事故伤害或者患职业病的，由所在单位支付费用。具体办法由国务院劳动保障行政部门会同国务院人事行政部门、财政部门规定。
根据上述规定，国家机关不参加工伤保险；其工作人员遭遇工伤执行国家机关工作人员的工伤政策。
【提示】
目前国家机关公务员的工伤待遇标准国家尚未出台明确规定。
5.事业单位、民间非营利组织是否参加工伤保险，享受工伤保险待遇
民间非营利组织是指社会团体、基金会和民办非企业单位。根据劳动保障部、人事部、民政部、财政部2005年12月29日发布的《关于事业单位、民间非营利组织工作人员工伤有关问题的通知》(劳社部发【2005】36号)规定，事业单位、民间非营利组织是否参加工伤保险分为以下三种情形：
(1)依照或者参照国家公务员制度管理的事业单位、社会团体不参加工伤保险；其工作人员执行国家机关工作人员的工伤政策(目前尚无明确标准规定)。
(2)不属于财政拨款支持范围或没有经常性财政拨款的事业单位、民间非营利组织(如律师事务所、会计师事务所等)，参加统筹地区的工伤保险，缴纳工伤保险费所需费用在社会保障缴费中列支。
(3)其他(即属于财政拨款或者具有经常性财政拨款的)事业单位、民间非营利组织，可参加统筹地区的工伤保险，也可按照国家机关工作人员的有关工伤政策执行。具体办法由省级政府根据当地经济社会发展和事业单位、民间非营利组织的具体情况确定。
【提示】
事业单位、民间非营利组织的工作人员均享有工伤待遇，且工伤范围、工伤认定、劳动能力鉴定、待遇标准等按照《工伤保险条例》的有关规定执行：
①依照或者参照公务员管理的单位不参保，统一享受公务员工伤政策；
②财政拨款单位可参保(享受工伤保险待遇)可不参保(享受公务员工伤政策)；
③无财政拨款单位一律参保，享受工伤保险待遇。
6.农民工是否享受工伤保险待遇
“农民工”不是一个严格的法律概念，只是对农村进城务工人员的一个称呼。
劳动法上只有“劳动者”概念，农民工属于劳动者，依法享有劳动者所享有的一切权利，包括享有工伤保险待遇的权利。
《工伤保险条例》规定，所有与用人单位建立劳动关系的劳动者都享有工伤保险的权利，用人单位应当为包括农民工在内的职工缴纳工伤保险费。劳动和社会保障部在二 ○○三年三月二十日给最高人民法院民事审判第一庭的《关于农民工适用劳动法律有关问题的复函》中规定，“凡与用人单位建立劳动关系的农民工(包括农民轮换工)，应当适用《劳动法》。发生工伤事故的，应适用《企业职工工伤保险试行办法》(劳部发[1996]266号)”。
因此，按照同工同酬原则以及《工伤保险条例》有关规定，工伤职工享受工伤保险待遇是一致的，并不因为身份(如农民工)的不同而有区别。
【提示】
① 《劳动和社会保障部关于农民工参加工伤保险有关问题的通知》(以下简称《通知》)第3条规定，农民工受到事故伤害或患职业病后，在参保地进行工伤认定、劳动能力鉴定，并按参保地的规定依法享受工伤保险待遇。用人单位在注册地和生产经营地均未参加工伤保险的，农民工受到事故伤害或者患职业病后，在生产经营地进行工伤认定、劳动能力鉴定，并按生产经营地的规定依法由用人单位支付工伤保险待遇。
第 4条规定，对跨省流动的农民工，即户籍不在参加工伤保险统筹地区(生产经营地)所在省(自治区、直辖市)的农民工，1至4级伤残长期待遇的支付，可试行一次性支付和长期支付两种方式，供农民工选择。一次性享受工伤保险长期待遇的，需由农民工本人提出，与用人单位解除或者终止劳动关系，与统筹地区社会保险经办机构签订协议，终止工伤保险关系。
②《劳动和社会保障部、建设部关于做好建筑施工企业农民工参加工伤保险有关工作的通知》规定，建筑施工企业除了为农民工办理工伤保险手续并按时足额缴纳工伤保险费以外，同时还必须按照《建筑法》规定，为施工现场从事危险作业的农民工办理意外伤害保险；并规定各地建设行政主管部门要将参加工伤保险作为建筑施工企业取得安全生产许可证的必备条件之一。
7.保姆是否享受工伤保险待遇
认定为工伤的前提条件是存在劳动关系。保姆在工作中受伤是否认定为工伤，关键看是否存在劳动关系：
(1)与家政公司存在劳动关系，受家政公司委派从事家务工作的保姆，在工作中受伤属于工伤，依法享受工伤保险待遇；
(2)经中介公司介绍或者自行与雇主建立家政雇佣关系的保姆，因不存在劳动关系，在工作中受伤不属于工伤，不能享受工伤保险待遇；但可以按照雇主责任直接要求雇主承担人身损害赔偿民事责任。
【提示】
①与家政公司存在劳动关系的保姆，享有工伤保险待遇；
②不存在劳动关系的直接家政雇佣关系保姆，不享有工伤保险待遇。
8.返聘离退休人员是否享受工伤保险待遇
离退休人员属于特殊劳动者。离退休人员返聘到用人单位工作，目前国家没有明确规定其性质，一般认为不属于劳动关系，具体权利义务根据聘用协议确定。《工伤保险条例》和《福建省实施〈工伤保险条例〉办法》均没有明确规定返聘的离退休人员是否享受工伤待遇。
根据上述规定，除个别地区有明确规定外，返聘离退休人员是否享受工伤保险待遇目前没有明确规定，大部分认为不能享有工伤保险待遇。
【提示】
①《劳动法》、《工伤保险条例》等均未排除返聘离退休人员享受工伤保险待
②从全面保护劳动者权益角度出发，应当对返聘离退休人员予以工伤保险保障。
9.自由职业人员能否享受工伤保险待遇
自由职业人员是指无业人员或者无固定工作单位的人员。
根据《工伤保险条例》的规定，自由职业人员不属于《工伤保险条例》适用范围，不能享有工伤保险待遇。
【提示】
自由职业人员属于灵活就业人员，因不存在劳动关系，不享有工伤保险待遇。
10.职工个人是否需要缴纳工伤保险费
《工伤保险条例》第10条第一款规定，“用人单位应当按时缴纳工伤保险费。职工个人不缴纳工伤保险费”。《劳动保障部关于实施
【提示】
职工个人不缴纳工伤保险费，工伤保险费由用人单位全额缴纳。
11.工伤认定有哪些要素
工伤认定有工作时间要素、工作场所要素、工作原因要素、主观过错要素等。
(1)工作时间要素：工作时间是指法律规定或者单位要求职工工作的时间；用人单位规定实行不定时工作制的，是指单位确定的工作时间。
A.构成工伤限于发生在工作时间内的事故伤害；
B.在工作时间以外的事故伤害一般不构成工伤。
(2)工作场所要素：工作场所是指职工日常工作所在的场所，以及领导临时指派职工从事工作的场所。
A.构成工伤限于发生在工作场所内的事故伤害；
B.在工作场所以外的事故伤害一般不构成工伤。
(3)工作原因要素：因工作原因受到事故伤害或者患职业病，构成工伤。
虽然不在工作时间、工作场所之内，但是只要事故伤害与工作有关，是因执行职务或者业务的原因而发生，也构成工伤。
(4)主观要素：除了劳动者本人故意造成事故伤害以外，即使劳动者有过失或者重大过失，仍然认定为工伤。
(5)其他：特殊情况下构成工伤，仅限于《工伤保险条例》规定的特殊情形。
【提示】
工伤认定的关键要素是①工作时间、②工作场所、③工作原因三要素。
12.哪些情形应当认定为工伤
根据《工伤保险条例》第14条规定，以下7种情形应当认定为工伤：
(1)在工作时间和工作场所内，因工作原因受到事故伤害的；
(2)工作时间前后在工作场所内，从事与工作有关的预备性或者收尾性工作受到事故伤害的；
(3)在工作时间和工作场所内，因履行工作职责受到暴力等意外伤害的；
(4)患职业病的；
A.职业病指劳动者在职业活动中，因接触粉尘、放射性物质以及其他有 *** 有害物质等因素而引起的疾病。
B.患职业病一定是在“工作时间”、“工作场所”、“工作原因”受到的伤害。
(5)因工外出期间，由于工作原因受到伤害或者发生事故下落不明的；
(6)在上下班途中，受到机动车事故伤害的；
(7)法律、行政法规规定应当认定为工伤的其他情形。
【提示】
应当认定为工伤的法定情形，均具备狭义或广义的工作时间、工作场所、工作原因要素。
13.从事预备性、收尾性工作认定为工伤，应当具备哪些条件
《工伤条例》第14条第(二)项规定，“工作时间前后在工作场所内，从事与工作有关的预备性或者收尾性工作受到事故伤害的”，应当认定为工伤。
(1)工作时间条件：必须是在“工作时间前后”(属于广义工作时间)受到事故伤害的。
(2)工作场所条件：必须在工作场所内受到事故伤害的；如果不在工作场所内不得认定为工伤。
(3)工作原因条件：必须是从事与工作有关的预备性或者收尾性工作受到事故伤害的；如果是从事与工作无关的预备性或者收尾性工作受到事故伤害，不得认定为工伤。
【提示】
必须同时具备①“工作时间前后”、②“在工作场所内”、③“从事与工作有关的预备性或者收尾性工作”三个条件，受到伤害才能认定为工伤；否则不得认定为工伤。
14.意外伤害认定为工伤，需要具备哪些条件
《工伤条例》第14条第(三)项规定，“在工作时间和工作场所内，因履行工作职责受到暴力等意外伤害的”，应当认定为工伤。
根据《劳动和社会保障部办公厅关于对《工伤保险条例》有关条款释义的函》(劳社厅函[2006]497号)规定，“因履行工作职责受到暴力等意外伤害”中的因履行工作职责受到暴力伤害是指受到的暴力伤害与履行工作职责有因果关系。
暴力等意外伤害认定为工伤，必须同时具备以下条件：
(1)职工受到伤害包括受到暴力伤害和受到意外伤害；
(2)职工受到伤害必须是因履行工作职责所致，即受到的暴力伤害与履行工作职责有因果关系；
(3)职工因履行工作职责受到伤害必须是在“工作时间和工作场所内”。
【提示】
①职工在“工作时间和工作场所内”受到暴力等意外伤害，但不是因为履行工作职责所致，不能认定为工伤；
②职工虽因履行职责受到暴力等意外伤害，但不是在“工作时间和工作场所内”，不能认定为工伤；如果符合公共利益条件，可以“维护国家利益、公共利益活动中受到伤害”为由，视同工伤处理。
15.因工外出认定为工伤，需要具备哪些条件
《工伤条例》第14条第(五)项规定，“因工外出期间，由于工作原因受到伤害或者发生事故下落不明的”，应当认定为工伤。
因工外出认定为工伤，需要具备以下条件：
(1)必须是因工外出。
A.因工外出是指职工在本单位工作范围内以外，包括职工不在本单位工作范围以内但是在本地区范围内；以及职工不在本单位工作范围以内而到外地区去。
B.职工因工外出的原因包括由于工作需要，职工被领导指派到本单位以外工作；以及职工为了更好地完成工作，自己到本单位以外从事与本职有关的工作。
(2)必须是由于工作原因发生以下情形之一：
A.直接或者间接受到事故伤害、暴力伤害或者其他形式伤害；
B.发生事故下落不明。
【提示】
因工外出受到伤害或者发生事故下落不明，必须是由于工作原因才能认定为工伤；如果不是由于工作原因而是由于个人原因，则不能认定为工伤。
16.机动车事故伤害认定为工伤，需要具备哪些条件
《工伤条例》第14条第(六)项规定，“在上下班途中，受到机动车事故伤害的”，应当认定为工伤。
根据《劳动保障部关于实施
(1)上下班途中是指职工按正常工作时间或者加班加点后的上下班途中。
A.“上下班途中”既包括职工正常工作的上下班途中，也包括职工加班加点的上下班途中；
B.对上下班途中是否经过必经路线没有规定和要求，对认定工伤没有影响。
(2)受到机动车事故伤害既可以是职工驾驶或乘坐的机动车发生事故造成的，也可以是职工因其他机动车事故造成的。
(3)对于机动车事故是发生在城市街道还是其他道路上，以及职工承担主要责任、次要责任还是不承担责任，对认定工伤没有影响。
【提示】
①机动车事故工伤的认定要件只有两个：即“上下班途中”、“受到机动车事故伤害”。
②非机动车的其他交通事故不能认定为工伤。
17.哪些情形视同工伤
根据《工伤保险条例》第15条规定，职工有下列三种情形之一的，视同工伤：
(1)在工作时间和工作岗位，突发疾病死亡或者在48小时之内经抢救无效死亡的；
(2)在抢险救灾等维护国家利益、公共利益活动中受到伤害的；
(3)职工原在军队服役，因战、因公负伤致残，已取得革命伤残军人证，到用人单位后旧伤复发的。
【提示】
①视同工伤和认定为工伤在工伤保险待遇上没有任何区别。
②因公益原因视同工伤没有工作时间、工作地点和工作原因的要求和限制。
③伤残军人旧伤复发视同工伤，不能享受一次性伤残补助金；只能享受除一次性伤残补助金以外的工伤保险待遇。
18.突发疾病死亡视同工伤，需要具备哪些条件
《工伤条例》第15条第(一)项规定，“在工作时间和工作岗位，突发疾病死亡或者在48小时之内经抢救无效死亡的”，视同工伤。
《劳动和社会报障部关于实施
(1)职工在工作时间和工作岗位突发疾病视为工伤，必须符合以下三个条件：
A.在工作时间和工作岗位；
B.突发疾病；
C.突发疾病死亡或者48小时内死亡。
(2)不能视同工伤的情形：
A.在工作时间和工作岗位突发疾病在48小时以后死亡的，不能视同工伤；
B.在工作时间和工作岗位突发疾病导致瘫痪、成为植物人等但没有死亡的，不能视同工伤。
(3)职工在工作时间和工作岗位突发疾病致残，如果是因为工作原因如过度紧张、疲劳等导致突发疾病的，可以“工作时间”、“工作场所”、“工作原因”为由认定为工伤。
【提示】
①工作期间发病是否构成工伤，《劳动部办公厅关于在工作时间发病不作工伤处理的复函》(1994年6月3日)以及《劳动部办公厅关于在工作时间发病是否可比照工伤处理的复函》(1996年7月11日)是以发病原因是否因工作原因所引起作为认定标准。
②《工伤保险条例》以在48小时以内死亡作为视同工伤的认定标准。该规定极其不合理，似有鼓励48小时内死亡的道德风险。但在《工伤保险条例》修改之前，只能依法进行工伤认定。
19.哪些情形不得认定为工伤或者视同工伤
根据《工伤保险条例》第16条规定，职工有下列三种情形之一的，不得认定为工伤或者视同工伤：
(1)因犯罪或者违反治安管理伤亡的；
(2)醉酒导致伤亡的；
(3)自残或者自杀的。
【提示】
不得认定为工伤或者视同工伤包括五种情形：①犯罪行为；②违反治安管理处罚法行为；③醉酒(不包括饮酒、酒后)；④自残行为；⑤自杀行为。
20.单位驾驶员发生交通事故，能否认定为工伤
《最高人民法院关于工伤认定法律适用的请示的答复》【法行(2000)26号】规定，“司机因公外出造成交通事故，未构成交通肇事罪，也不属于自杀、酗酒、蓄意制造交通事故的，应认定为工伤”。
单位驾驶员发生交通事故能否认定为工伤，取决于以下关键要素：
(1)驾驶员是否受到治安管理处罚。
如果司机发生交通事故，只是受到公安交通管理部门依据《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》及其实施条例处罚，而非依据《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》的处罚，则司机并没有受到治安处罚，可认定为工伤。
(2)驾驶员发生交通交通事故是否因为醉酒引起。
驾驶员饮酒或者酒后驾车但是没有达到醉酒程度，或者发生交通事故与醉酒无关，可以认定为工伤。
(3)驾驶员发生交通事故是否构成交通肇事罪。
如果没有构成交通肇事罪，可以认定为工伤；构成犯罪的，不能认定为工伤。
(4)驾驶员发生交通事故是否存在自杀、蓄意制造交通事故情形。如果不存在上述情形，则可以认定为工伤。
【提示】
①无证驾驶发生交通事故可以认定为工伤。
《劳动和社会保障部办公厅关于无证驾驶车辆发生交通事故是否认定工伤问题的复函》(劳社厅函〔2000〕150号)规定，“无证驾驶车辆违反了《治安管理处罚条例》《道路交通管理条例》的有关规定，是违法行为。依据《企业职工工伤保险试行办法》(劳部发〔1996〕266号)第九条关于违法或犯罪行为造成负伤、致残、死亡不应认定工伤的规定，对于因无证驾驶车辆发生交通事故而造成负伤、致残、死亡的，不应认定为工伤”。
但是，新修订的《治安管理处罚法》已经将“违反交通规则，造成交通事故，尚不够刑事处罚的”情形排除在治安管理处罚范围之外。因此，司机因公外出无证驾驶造成交通事故，未构成交通肇事罪，也不属于自杀、酗酒、蓄意制造交通事故的，应认定为工伤。
②发生交通事故不论司机是否认定为工伤，对于车上的人员只要符合工伤认定条件的，仍应当认定为工伤。
21.职工在工作中违章操作负伤，能否认定为工伤
根据《工伤保险条例》第16条规定，不得认定为工伤或者视同工伤只限于三种情形，即因犯罪或者违反治安管理伤亡的、醉酒导致伤亡的、自残或者自杀的。职工在工作中违章操作，只要不属于上述三种情形之一，均应当认定为工伤。
但是，“蓄意违章”属于故意行为，不应当认定为工伤。
【提示】
工伤损害赔偿责任适用无过错责任原则。
①工伤认定与职工主观过失无关。
②工伤认定与不得认定为工伤或者视同工伤的排除事项有关。
22.在上下班的路上受到抢劫身亡，能否认定为工伤
根据《工伤保险条例》第14条规定，职工在上下班途中，只有受到机动车事故伤害的，才能认定为工伤；其他情形均不能认定为工伤。
因此，在上下班的路上受到抢劫身亡的，不能认定为工伤。
【提示】
职工在上下班途中死亡的，如果符合“在抢险救灾等维护国家利益、公共利益活动中受到伤害的”，可以视同工伤。
23.“过劳死”能否认定为工伤
如果职工因为劳累过度在工作时间和工作场所死亡或者在48小时内死亡，可以认定为工伤。
如果职工因工外出期间因劳累过度而死亡，也可以认定为工伤。
除此之外，“过劳死”认定为工伤目前没有法律依据。
【提示】
对于“过劳死”这种现象，可以根据《劳动合同法》规定向用人单位主张加班工资。还可以用人单位违法为由，要求用人单位承担损害赔偿责任。
24.在单位组织的旅游活动中发生意外伤害，能否认定为工伤
单位组织的旅游活动属于单位福利，不涉及工作原因，因此不能认定为工伤。
但是，在单位组织的旅游活动中，单位安排在旅游活动中从事接待工作的职工，如果符合工伤认定条件的，则可以认定为工伤。
另外，从事导游工作的职工在工作中发生意外伤害，可以认定为工伤。
【提示】
①在单位组织的福利旅游活动中发生意外伤害，因缺乏“工作原因”而不能认定为工伤。
②虽然是旅游活动，但是如果是由于“工作原因”受到意外伤害，则可以认定为工伤。
25.陪客户跳舞、陪酒导致伤亡的，能否认定为工伤
陪客户跳舞能否认定为工伤，关键在于是否为“工作时间”、“工作场所”以及“工作原因”。
如果在单位组织跳舞活动被单位安排陪舞受伤，则属于“工作时间”、“工作场所”和“工作原因”，可以认定为工伤。
陪酒导致住院或者死亡认定为工伤目前有很大难度，除非用人单位在规章制度或者岗位职责中明确规定该职工有陪酒的工作职责，否则不能认定为工伤。
【提示】
陪舞、陪酒因不具备“工作原因”要素，很难认定为工伤。
26.在单位食堂就餐发生食物中毒，能否认定为工伤
在单位食堂就餐发生食物中毒能否认定为工伤，目前《工伤保险条例》规定不明确，实践中各地认定情况也各不相同。
【提示】
①在单位食堂就餐发生食物中不论是否认定为工伤，责任均在用人单位。
②如果不能认定为工伤，职工可以用人单位为被告提起人身损害赔偿诉讼。
27.患精神病能否认定为工伤
如果精神病疾患是因为外力重击由脑部受损或病变引起，且符合工伤认定其他要素的，应当认定为工伤。在工作中受惊吓引起精神分裂症，现代医学已经查明其发病风险是父母所提供的基因起至关主要作用，受惊吓只是精神分裂症的诱因。因此，工作中受到精神伤害不能认定为工伤要求工伤医疗待遇和工伤赔偿。
【提示】
①“物理性”引起的精神病，如果符合工伤认定条件应当认定为工伤；
②“精神性”引起的精神病，一般不能认定为工伤。
28.用人单位应当在多长期限内申请工伤认定
《工伤条例》第17条规定，职工发生事故伤害或者按照职业病防治法规定被诊断、鉴定为职业病，所在单位应当自事故伤害发生之日或者被诊断、鉴定为职业病之日起 30日内(遇有特殊情况，经报劳动保障行政部门同意，申请时限可以适当延长)向统筹地区劳动保障行政部门提出工伤认定申请。
(1)用人单位申请工伤认定的期限为30日；特殊情况经劳动行政部门同意可以适当延长。
(2)用人单位未在规定的时限内提交工伤认定申请，从事故伤害发生之日或职业病确诊之日起到劳动保障行政部门受理工伤认定申请之日止期间发生的工伤待遇等有关费用由该用人单位负担。
【提示】
①用人单位应当在30日内申请工伤认定。
②用人单位超过规定期限申请工伤认定的，劳动保障行政部门将不予受理，并承担工伤待遇有关费用。
29.工伤职工或者其直系亲属、工会组织应当在多长期限内申请工伤认定
《工伤条例》第17条第二款规定，“用人单位未按前款规定提出工伤认定申请的，工伤职工或者其直系亲属、工会组织在事故伤害发生之日或者被诊断、鉴定为职业病之日起1年内，可以直接向用人单位所在地统筹地区劳动保障行政部门提出工伤认定申请”。
(1)用人单位未按照规定提出工伤认定申请，工伤职工或者其直系亲属、工会组织申请工伤认定的期限为事故伤害发生之日或者被诊断、鉴定为职业病之日起1年内。
(2)用人单位未按规定为职工提出工伤认定申请，受到事故伤害或者患职业病的职工或者其直系亲属、工会组织提出工伤认定申请，职工所在单位是否同意(签字、盖章)，不是必经程序。
(3)用人单位和工伤职工或者其直系亲属、工会组织均未按照规定期限提出工伤认定申请，劳动保障行政部门将不予受理工伤认定申请，工伤职工将丧失认定工伤和享受工伤保险待遇的权利。
【提示】
①工伤职工或者其直系亲属、工会组织申请工伤认定，以用人单位未按规定期限提出工伤认定申请为前提条件。
②根据《劳动保障部关于实施
30.工伤认定申请应当提交哪些材料
根据《工伤保险条例》第18条、《工伤认定办法》第5条、第6条、第7条规定，提出工伤认定申请应当提交下列材料：
(1)填写《工伤认定申请表》。
工伤认定申请表应当包括事故发生的时间、地点、原因以及职工伤害程度等基本情况。
(2)提交劳动关系证明材料。
提交与用人单位存在劳动关系(包括事实劳动关系)的证明材料，即劳动合同文本复印件或者其他建立劳动关系的有效证明。
(3)提交医疗证明材料。
提交医疗诊断证明，或者职业病诊断证明书(职业病诊断鉴定书)。
(4)申请人提供材料不完整的，劳动保障行政部门应当当场或者在15个工作日内以书面形式一次性告知工伤认定申请人需要补正的全部材料。
申请人按照书面告知要求补正材料后，劳动保障行政部门应当受理。
【提示】
各省的规定大同小异，申请人提出工伤认定申请时，一般应依法提交相关证明材料包括：
(一)事故伤害或突发疾病死亡的证明；
(二)公安交通管理部门对道路交通机动车事故伤害的事故责任认定书或证明；
(三)革命伤残军人证；
(四)县级以上地方人民政府或统筹地区人民政府相关部门认定从事抢险、救灾(救人)等维护国家、社会和公众利益活动受到伤害的证明；
(五)公安机关或司法机关提供的与工伤有关的裁定、判决或证明；
(六)法律、法规规定的其他材料。
What are the contents of labor injury legal knowledge
1. What is a work injury
Work injury, also known as occupational injury or work accident injury, refers to an employee who suffers from accident injury or occupational disease due to work reasons during working hours and in the workplace.
(1) Work injury accidents are accidents that occur in various types of enterprises, individual businesses, and other employers. Accidents that occur in personal employment and contracting relationships are not considered work-related accidents.
(2) Work injury accidents refer to accidents in which employees employed by employers suffer personal injury, disability, and death. Property damage and mental damage are not considered work injury accidents. Employees refer to workers who have various forms of employment and employment periods with the employer, including factual labor relations.
(3) Work injury accidents are accidents that occur when employees are performing their job duties (due to work reasons). Injuries caused by personal reasons are not considered work-related accidents.
(4) There must be a causal relationship between work-related accidents and the damage suffered by employees.
(5) The legal fact that work-related accidents create a rights and obligations relationship between the employer and the injured employees.
[Tip]
① Work accidents in our country include both sudden injury accidents and occupational diseases.
② The prerequisite for determining work-related injuries must include labor relations, including factual labor relations.
③ Work injury accidents exclude accidents caused by intentional behavior, criminal behavior, violation of public security management, and drunken behavior of employees themselves.
2. Whether enterprise employees enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits
Article 2 of the Work Injury Insurance Regulations stipulates that all types of enterprises within China shall participate in work injury insurance and pay work injury insurance premiums for all employees of their own units. At the same time, it is stipulated that employees of various types of enterprises within China have the right to enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits.
[Tip]
① All employees of enterprises are entitled to work-related injury insurance benefits.
② If the enterprise unit does not participate in work-related injury insurance and an employee experiences a work-related injury accident, it will not have any impact on the determination of work-related injury; After the work-related injury is recognized, the employer shall pay the work-related injury benefits.
3. Does the employee of individual industrial and commercial households enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits
Article 2 of the Work Injury Insurance Regulations stipulates that individual industrial and commercial households with employed workers within China shall participate in work injury insurance and pay work injury insurance premiums for their own employees. Employees of individual businesses within China have the right to enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits. The specific steps and implementation methods for individual industrial and commercial households with hired workers to participate in work-related injury insurance shall be stipulated by the provincial government.
[Tip]
Regardless of when each province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the central government stipulates that individual industrial and commercial households participate in work-related injury insurance, their employees have the right to enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits in accordance with the provisions of the Work Injury Insurance Regulations.
4. Whether state officials enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits
According to Article 62, Paragraph 1 of the Regulations on Work Injury Insurance, if a staff member of a state organ suffers from an accident injury or occupational disease due to work, the employer shall pay the cost. The specific measures shall be formulated by the labor security administrative department of the State Council in conjunction with the personnel administrative department and the finance department of the State Council.
According to the above regulations, state organs do not participate in work-related injury insurance; Its staff suffered work-related injuries in accordance with the work-related injury policies of state organs.
[Tip]
At present, the country has not yet issued clear regulations on the work-related injury compensation standards for government officials.
5. Whether public institutions and non-profit organizations participate in work-related injury insurance and enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits
Non profit organizations refer to social organizations, foundations, and private non enterprise units. According to the Notice on Work Injury Related Issues of Staff in Public Institutions and Non profit Organizations (Ministry of Labor and Social Security [2005] No. 36) issued by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, Ministry of Personnel, Ministry of Civil Affairs, and Ministry of Finance on December 29, 2005, whether public institutions and non profit organizations participate in work injury insurance is divided into the following three situations:
(1) Public institutions and social organizations managed in accordance with or with reference to the national civil servant system shall not participate in work-related injury insurance; Its staff implement the work-related injury policy for government officials (there is currently no clear standard regulation).
(2) Public institutions and non-profit organizations (such as law firms, accounting firms, etc.) that do not fall within the scope of financial allocation support or do not have regular financial allocations shall participate in the work injury insurance in the coordinated area, and the expenses required to pay the work injury insurance premiums shall be included in the social security payment.
(3) Other (i.e., public institutions or non-profit organizations with regular financial appropriations) can participate in the work injury insurance in the coordinated area, and can also implement relevant work injury policies for government officials. The specific measures shall be determined by the provincial government based on the local economic and social development, as well as the specific situation of public institutions and non-profit organizations.
[Tip]
Employees of public institutions and non-profit organizations are entitled to work-related injury benefits, and the scope of work-related injuries, identification of work-related injuries, assessment of labor capacity, and compensation standards are implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Work Injury Insurance Regulations:
① According to or in accordance with the management of civil servants, units that do not participate in insurance and are uniformly entitled to civil servant work-related injury policies;
② Financial allocation units can participate in insurance (enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits) but not participate in insurance (enjoy work-related injury policies for civil servants);
③ Units without financial appropriations are all insured and enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits.
6. Do migrant workers enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits
"Migrant workers" is not a strict legal concept, but a term used to refer to rural migrant workers entering cities.
There is only the concept of "worker" in labor law, and migrant workers belong to workers and enjoy all the rights enjoyed by workers in accordance with the law, including the right to enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits.
The Regulations on Work Injury Insurance stipulate that all workers who establish labor relations with employers have the right to work injury insurance, and employers should pay work injury insurance premiums for employees, including migrant workers. In the "Reply on Issues Related to the Application of Labor Law to Migrant Workers" issued by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security to the First Civil Trial Division of the Supreme People's Court on March 20, 2003, it was stipulated that "all migrant workers who have established labor relations with employers (including farmers rotating workers) shall apply the Labor Law. In the event of a work-related injury accident, the" Trial Measures for Enterprise Employee Work Injury Insurance "(Ministry of Labor [1996] No. 266) shall apply.".
Therefore, according to the principle of equal pay for equal work and the relevant provisions of the Work Injury Insurance Regulations, the benefits of work injury insurance enjoyed by workers with work-related injuries are consistent, and there is no difference due to different identities (such as migrant workers).
[Tip]
① Article 3 of the Notice of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security on Issues Related to the Participation of Migrant Workers in Work Injury Insurance (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice") stipulates that after being injured by accidents or suffering from occupational diseases, migrant workers shall undergo work injury identification and labor capacity assessment in the place of insurance, and enjoy work injury insurance benefits in accordance with the regulations of the place of insurance. If the employer has not participated in work-related injury insurance in both the registered place and the production and operation place, the migrant worker who suffers from accident injuries or occupational diseases shall undergo work-related injury identification and labor capacity assessment in the production and operation place, and the employer shall pay work-related injury insurance benefits in accordance with the regulations of the production and operation place.
Article 4 stipulates that for migrant workers who move across provinces, that is, migrant workers whose registered residence is not in the province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government) where they participate in the industrial injury insurance plan (production and operation place) are located, long-term treatment for level 1 to 4 disability can be paid in two ways, one-time payment and long-term payment, for migrant workers to choose. For those who enjoy long-term benefits from work-related injury insurance in a lump sum, the migrant worker themselves must propose to terminate or terminate their employment relationship with the employer, sign an agreement with the social insurance agency in the coordinated area, and terminate the work-related injury insurance relationship.
② According to the Notice of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security and the Ministry of Construction on Doing a Good Job in Participating in Work Injury Insurance for Migrant Workers in Construction Enterprises, construction enterprises must not only handle work injury insurance procedures for migrant workers and pay work injury insurance premiums in full and on time, but also, in accordance with the provisions of the Construction Law, handle accident insurance for migrant workers engaged in dangerous operations on construction sites; And it is stipulated that local construction administrative authorities should consider participating in work-related injury insurance as one of the necessary conditions for construction enterprises to obtain safety production licenses.
7. Does the nanny enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits
The prerequisite for determining a work-related injury is the existence of a labor relationship. Whether a nanny's injury at work is recognized as a work-related injury depends on whether there is a labor relationship:
(1) A nanny who has a labor relationship with a domestic service company and is appointed by the company to engage in household chores, is injured at work and is entitled to work-related injury insurance benefits in accordance with the law;
(2) A nanny who is introduced by an intermediary company or establishes a domestic employment relationship with the employer on their own, as there is no labor relationship, is not eligible for work-related injury and cannot enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits; But the employer can be directly required to bear civil liability for personal injury compensation according to the employer's liability.
[Tip]
① Nurses who have a labor relationship with a domestic service company are entitled to work-related injury insurance benefits;
② Direct domestic and employment relationship nannies without labor relations are not entitled to work-related injury insurance benefits.
8. Does the rehired retiree enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits
Retirees belong to special workers. Retired personnel who are rehired to work in the employer are currently not clearly defined by the state and are generally not considered as labor relations. The specific rights and obligations are determined according to the employment agreement. The Regulations on Work Injury Insurance and the Measures for Implementing the Regulations on Work Injury Insurance in Fujian Province do not clearly specify whether retired employees who are rehired will enjoy work-related injury benefits.
According to the above regulations, except for some regions where there are clear regulations, there is currently no clear regulation on whether rehired and retired personnel can enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits. Most believe that they cannot enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits.
[Tip]
① The Labor Law, Regulations on Work Injury Insurance, and other regulations do not exclude the possibility of rehired retirees enjoying work injury insurance benefits
② From the perspective of comprehensively protecting the rights and interests of workers, work injury insurance protection should be provided to rehired and retired personnel.
9. Can freelancers enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits
Freelancers refer to individuals who are unemployed or have no fixed workplace.
According to the Regulations on Work Injury Insurance, freelancers are not within the scope of application of the Regulations and cannot enjoy work injury insurance benefits.
[Tip]
Freelancers belong to flexible employment personnel and do not enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits due to the absence of labor relations.
10. Do employees personally need to pay work-related injury insurance premiums
Article 10, Paragraph 1 of the Regulations on Work Injury Insurance stipulates that "Employers shall pay work injury insurance premiums on time. Individual employees shall not pay work injury insurance premiums.". Implementation of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security
[Tip]
Individual employees do not pay work-related injury insurance premiums, which are fully paid by the employer.
11. What are the elements for determining work-related injuries
The identification of work-related injuries includes factors such as working hours, workplace, work reasons, and subjective fault.
(1) Working time elements: Working time refers to the time required by law or the unit for employees to work; The employer's implementation of an irregular work schedule refers to the working hours determined by the unit.
A. Occupational injuries are limited to accidents that occur during working hours;
B. Accidents and injuries outside of working hours generally do not constitute work-related injuries.
(2) Workplace elements: The workplace refers to the place where employees work on a daily basis, as well as the place where leaders temporarily assign employees to work.
A. Occupational injuries are limited to accidents that occur in the workplace;
B. Accidents outside the workplace generally do not constitute work-related injuries.
(3) Work related factors: Those who suffer from accidents or occupational diseases due to work related reasons, resulting in work-related injuries.
Although not during working hours or in the workplace, as long as the accident injury is related to work and occurs due to the performance of duties or business, it also constitutes a work-related injury.
(4) Subjective element: In addition to intentional injury caused by the worker, even if the worker has negligence or gross negligence, it is still recognized as a work injury.
(5) Other: Special circumstances that constitute work-related injuries are limited to the special circumstances stipulated in the Work Injury Insurance Regulations.
[Tip]
The key elements for determining work-related injuries are: ① working hours, ② workplace, and ③ work reasons.
12. Which situations should be recognized as work-related injuries
According to Article 14 of the Regulations on Work Injury Insurance, the following 7 situations should be recognized as work injuries:
(1) Injuries caused by accidents during working hours and in the workplace due to work-related reasons;
(2) Engaging in preparatory or finishing work related to work in the workplace before and after working hours and being injured by accidents;
(3) Those who suffer accidental injuries such as violence during working hours and in the workplace due to fulfilling their job responsibilities;
(4) Suffering from occupational diseases;
A. Occupational diseases refer to diseases caused by exposure of workers to dust, radioactive substances, and other harmful substances during occupational activities.
B. Suffering from occupational diseases is definitely an injury suffered during working hours, in the workplace, or due to work reasons.
(5) Those who are injured or have an accident due to work reasons during their absence from work, and their whereabouts are unknown;
(6) Injured by motor vehicle accidents during commuting;
(7) Other circumstances that should be recognized as work-related injuries according to laws and administrative regulations.
[Tip]
The statutory circumstances that should be recognized as work-related injuries all have narrow or broad elements of working hours, workplace, and work reasons.
13. What conditions should be met to be recognized as work-related injuries when engaging in preparatory or finishing work
Article 14 (2) of the Work Injury Regulations stipulates that "those who are injured by accidents while engaged in preparatory or finishing work related to work in the workplace before and after working hours shall be recognized as work injuries.".
(1) Working hours conditions: must have been injured by accidents before and after working hours (belonging to the general working hours).
(2) Workplace conditions: Those who must be injured by accidents in the workplace; If not in the workplace, it shall not be recognized as a work injury.
(3) Work reasons and conditions: must be engaged in preparatory or finishing work related to work and have been injured by accidents; If an accident occurs while engaging in preparatory or finishing work unrelated to work, it shall not be recognized as a work-related injury.
[Tip]
It is necessary to meet three conditions at the same time: ① "before and after working hours", ② "in the workplace", and ③ "engaged in preparatory or finishing work related to work" in order to be recognized as a work-related injury; Otherwise, it shall not be recognized as a work-related injury.
14. What conditions are required to determine accidental injuries as work-related injuries
Article 14 (3) of the Work Injury Regulations stipulates that "those who suffer accidental injuries such as violence during work hours and in the workplace due to the performance of work duties" shall be recognized as work injuries.
According to the "Letter from the General Office of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security on the Interpretation of Relevant Provisions of the Work Injury Insurance Regulations" (Labor and Social Security Department Letter [2006] No. 497), the term "violent injury due to performance of work duties" refers to the causal relationship between the violent injury received and the performance of work duties.
Violence and other accidental injuries are recognized as work-related injuries, and the following conditions must be met simultaneously:
(1) Injuries to employees include violent injuries and accidental injuries;
(2) The injury suffered by employees must be due to the performance of their job responsibilities, that is, there is a causal relationship between the violent injury suffered and the performance of their job responsibilities;
(3) Employees who are injured while performing their job duties must be present during working hours and in the workplace.
[Tip]
① Employees who suffer accidental injuries such as violence during working hours and in the workplace, but not due to the performance of job responsibilities, cannot be recognized as work-related injuries;
② Although employees may suffer unexpected injuries such as violence due to fulfilling their duties